Python 路由器IP变更邮件通知
最近遇到一个问题：实验室内部的网络是通过路由器分配IP的，但是经常又需要通过校园网远程实验室内部的电脑，而路由器的外网IP是由DHCP服务器动态分配的，IP地址无法绑定成静态的。RadminViewer远程的速度比较快，但是没办法穿墙，必须知道直连的IP地址，通过在实验室的路由器上设置转发端口，就可以实现实验室内部多台电脑同时远程。但是由于路由器上IP会变，自然想到在服务器上运行一个程序，每隔一段时间监测下路由器的IP，如果变化，就发送邮件通知。
使用Python编写，由于是一个后台的程序，自然想到要做出服务，就不会有窗口一直显示。将Python程序以Windows 服务方式启动，需要用到pywin32。
本来想实现可以获取每一层的IP，因为网络可能经过了多层的IP地址转换。但还不知道怎么做，最后参考了这里的方法后，目前是只能针对TP-Link的路由器获取外网IP，其他路由器没测试过。
后面还可以进一步扩展，实现很多功能，然后可以发邮件通知。使用的时候，需要先安装服务，然后再启动。服务安装后，默认是手动启动，如果需要设置为自动启动，还需要到Windows管理工具，服务设置中，将该服务设置为自动启动。
1 #-*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
2
3 #Service install 安装
4 #Service start 启动
5 #Service stop 停止
6 #Service debug 调试
7 #Service remove 删除
8
9 import win32serviceutil
10 import win32service
11 import win32event
12 import smtplib
13 import time, traceback
14 import threading
15 import logging
16 import win32evtlogutil
17
18 class Service(win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework):
19 _svc_name_ = "IPDetector"
20 _svc_display_name_ = "IPDetector"
21 _svc_description_ = "Detect the change status of router IP, and send mail to notify user."
22 _svc_deps_ = ["EventLog"]
23 _sleep_time_ = 20 * 60 #时间以秒为单位
24 _username_ = 'admin'#路由器用户名
25 _password_ = 'admin'#路由器密码
26 _routerIP_ = '192.168.1.1'#路由器内部IP
27 _mail_list_ = [
28 "mail1@qq.com",
29 "mail2@qq.com"
30 ]
31 _currentIP_ = ''
32
33 def __init__(self, args):
34 win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework.__init__(self, args)
35 self.hWaitStop = win32event.CreateEvent(None, 0, 0, None)
36 print u'Service is running...'
37
38 def SvcDoRun(self):
39 import servicemanager
40 timer = threading.Timer(self._sleep_time_, self.process())
41 timer.start()
42 # Write a 'started' event to the event log...
43 win32evtlogutil.ReportEvent(self._svc_name_,
44 servicemanager.PYS_SERVICE_STARTED,
45 0, # category
46 servicemanager.EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE,
47 (self._svc_name_, ''))
48 # wait for beeing stopped...
49 win32event.WaitForSingleObject(self.hWaitStop, win32event.INFINITE)
50
51 # and write a 'stopped' event to the event log.
52 win32evtlogutil.ReportEvent(self._svc_name_,
53 servicemanager.PYS_SERVICE_STOPPED,
54 0, # category
55 servicemanager.EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE,
56 (self._svc_name_, ''))
57 return
58
59 def SvcStop(self):
60 # Before we do anything, tell SCM we are starting the stop process.
61 self.ReportServiceStatus(win32service.SERVICE_STOP_PENDING)
62 # And set my event
63 win32event.SetEvent(self.hWaitStop)
64 return
65
66 def send_mail(self, mail_list, msg):
67 try:
68 handle = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.163.com', 25)
69 handle.login('mail@163.com','password')
70 for mail in mail_list:
71 send_msg = "To:" + mail + "\r\nFrom:mail@163.com\r\nSubject: The latest router IP \r\n\r\n"\
72 + msg +"\r\n"
73 handle.sendmail('mail@163.com', mail, send_msg)
74 handle.close()
75 return True
76 except:
77 print traceback.format_exc()
78 return False
79
80 def getRouterPublicIP(self, username, password, routerIP):
81 # this provide a way to get public ip address from tp-link
82 import httplib, re, base64
83 showErrorMessage = 0
84
85 # 192.168.1.1
86 conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(routerIP)
87 # set request headers
88 headers = {"User-Agent": "python host",
89 "Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
90 "Authorization": "Basic %s" % base64.encodestring('%s:%s' % (username, password))[:-1],
91 "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8",
92 "Accept-Language": "zh-cn,zh;q=0.5",
93 "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
94 "Accept-Charset": "GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7",
95 "Connection": "keep-alive"}
96
97 # get status page
98 conn.request("GET", "/userRpm/StatusRpm.htm", "", headers)
99 response = conn.getresponse()
100 keyword = re.search(' wanPara [^\)]*?\)', response.read())
101 response.close()
102 conn.close()
103
104 # search the public ip address
105 found = 0
106 publicIP = ""
107 if keyword:
108 arr = re.findall('([\d]*?,)|(\"[^\"]*?\",)', keyword.group(0))
109 if arr:
110 if len(arr) > 3:
111 publicIP = re.search('(?<=\")[^\"]*?(?=\")', arr[2][1])
112 if publicIP:
113 publicIP = publicIP.group(0)
114 found = 1
115
116 if found == 1:
117 return publicIP
118 else:
119 if showErrorMessage == 1:
120 logging.info('router public ip address not found.')
121 #print "router public ip address not found."
122
123 def process(self):
124 latestIP = self.getRouterPublicIP(self._username_, self._password_, self._routerIP_)
125 logging.info('the latest router ip is: ' + latestIP)
126 #print 'the latest router ip is: ' + latestIP
127 if self._currentIP_ != latestIP:
128 _currentIP_ = latestIP
129 msg = u'The latest router IP is: ' + str(_currentIP_)
130 print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X',time.localtime(time.time()))
131 if self.send_mail(self._mail_list_, msg):
132 logging.info('send mail success')
133 #print 'send mail success'
134 else:
135 #print 'send mail failed'
136 logging.info('send mail failed')
137
138 if __name__ == '__main__':
139 win32serviceutil.HandleCommandLine(Service)
